An oral medication used to stimulate ovulation and regulate follicle development in fertility treatments. Commonly used for: Women with ovulation disorders, such as those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Inducing ovulation by increasing the production of hormones (FSH & LH) that trigger egg maturation and release. Brand Names: Clomid™ Serophene™ How it works: Clomiphene blocks estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, leading to increased secretion of FSH and LH, which stimulate follicle growth and ovulation. It is considered a first-line treatment in hormonal fertility therapy, with dosage tailored to each woman’s response.
A critical stage in early embryonic development, occurring after the third cell division, when blastomeres (embryonic cells) tightly cluster together, reducing gaps between them and forming a dense, well-organized structure. What Happens During Compaction? Embryonic cells undergo polarization and adhesion, using tight junctions to create a compact cell mass. This process separates two main cell groups in the blastocyst: Inner cells – develop into the embryo. Outer trophoblast cells – later form the placenta and embryonic membranes. Why Is Compaction Important? It is a key step before blastocyst formation and blastocoele cavity development. It helps define embryonic cell structures and functions, ensuring healthy progression toward implantation. In IVF procedures, compaction is used as a quality indicator when selecting embryos for implantation.
Birth defects are developmental abnormalities present before or at birth, affecting body structure, function, or overall growth. There is no universal classification system, but the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is commonly used for data analysis and mortality comparisons. Example of a Common Birth Defect: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) – a hip joint disorder causing instability, where the femoral head (hip bone) is either partially or fully dislocated from its socket. Causes: Birth defects may be due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Some congenital anomalies can be detected early through genetic and prenatal screening tests.
A congenital condition where the vas deferens (sperm transport tubes) fail to develop properly. Although the testes function normally, the absence of these ducts prevents sperm from being present in semen, leading to obstructive azoospermia—a type of male infertility where no sperm are found in ejaculate. Effects of CBAVD: Men with CBAVD cannot conceive naturally, but fertility treatments like surgical sperm extraction (TESA, Micro-TESE) and IVF enable pregnancy. The condition does not affect libido or sexual function, as testosterone production remains normal. CBAVD & Cystic Fibrosis (CF): CBAVD is often linked to cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disease affecting mucus-secreting glands. Due to this connection, men diagnosed with CBAVD should undergo genetic testing, particularly if planning to have children, to assess the risk of passing CF mutations to offspring. CBAVD is responsible for approximately 1%-2% of all cases of male infertility.
Granulosa cells that surround the egg (oocyte) within the ovarian follicle. These cells play a vital role in: Ovulation – The egg is released from the ovary with a surrounding corona radiata layer, providing protection as it travels toward the fallopian tube. Sperm Selection – The corona radiata acts as an initial barrier, requiring sperm to penetrate it to reach the egg. Fertilization Process: The sperm undergoes the acrosome reaction, releasing enzymes that help break down the corona radiata layer. Once the barrier is broken, the sperm can reach and fertilize the egg. In addition to protection, these cells support the egg’s nutritional needs during maturation, playing a key role in fertilization success and embryo development.
Have a Halachic question? Submit your inquiry below, and one of our expert rabbis will provide guidance rooted in Jewish law and tradition. Your question is confidential, and we’re here to help.
